Кто такой шекспир на английском. William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир (1), устная тема по английскому языку с переводом

Топик William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had 3 children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in “Hamlet”. In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.

Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into 3 periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like “Henry VI”, and comedies with strong elements of farce. His masterpiece of this period is “Romeo and Juliet”.

In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance. In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies – “Hamlet”, “Othello”. They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.

Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some “W.H.”, and to mysterious “Dark Lady of Sonnets”. The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty, though there is no sentimentality in them.

Shakespeare’s poetry is at the summit of human achievement. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.

2. Life of Shakespeare.

The great poet and dramatist William Shakespeare is often called by his people “Our National Bard”, “The Immortal Poet of Nature” and “The Great Unknown”. More than two hundred contemporary references to Shakespeare have been located amoung church records, legal records, documents in the Public Record Office, and miscellaneous repositories. When these owe assembled, we have at least the sceleton out line of his life, begining with his baptist on April 26, 1564, in Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, and ending with his burial there on April 25, 1616. Shakespeare’s native place was Sratford-on-Avon, a little town in Warwickshire, which is generally described as being in the middle of England.

Shakespeare’s father, John, was a prosperious glove maker of Stratford who, after holding minor municipal offices, was elected high bailiff of Stratford. Shakespeare’s mother Mary Arden, came from an affluent family of landowners.

Shakespeare probably recieved his early education at the exellent Stratford Grammar School, supervised by an Oxford graduate, where he would have learned Latin smattering of Greek. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who lived in a neighboring hamlet. The first child born to Ann and William was their daughter Susanna. In about two years Ann bore him twins a boy and a girl, Hamlet and Jidith.

Then life in Stratford became intolerable for William Shakespeare and he decided to go to London and begin a theatrical career. Shakespeare’s major activity lays in the field of drama. He became a full shareholder in his acting company, he was co-owner of “the Globe” theatre and later of “the Blackfriars” theatre, and in 1597 he purchased property in Strarford, including one of the largest houses in the town. He probably retired about 1610, travelling to London when necessary to take care of his theatrical business. In all, 154 sonnets were written. The sonnets were probably created in the 1590 but were first published in 1609.

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3. Shakespeare’s works.

Shakespeare’s literary work is usually divided into three periods. The first period of his creative work falls between 1590 and 1600. Shakespeare’s comedies belong to the first period of his creative work. They all are written in his playfull manner and and in the brilliant poetry that conveys the spectator to Italy. Some of the first plays of the first period are: “Richard III” (1592), “The Comedy of Errors” (1592), “Romeo and Juliet” (1594), “Julius Caesar” (1599), “As You Like It” (1599), 1600 – “The Twelth Night”. Shakespeare’s poems are also attributed to the first period, “Venus and Adonis” and “Lucrece”, and 154 sonnets. “Venus and Adonis” was the first of Shakespeare’s works that came off the press. The second period of Shakespeare’s creative work during from 1600 to 1608. His famous tragedies appeared at this time. In the plays of this period the dramatist reaches his full maturity. He presents great humans problems. His tragedies and historical plays made Shakespeare the greatest humanist of the English Renaissanse. Some plays of the second period: 1601 – “Hamlet”, 1604 – “Othello”.

Shakespeare’s plays of the third period are called the “Romantic dramas”. There is no tragic tension in these plays. This period lasted from 1609 till 1612. 1609 – “Cymbeline”, 1610 – “The Winters Tale”, 1612 – “Henry 8”.

Топик на английском языке с переводом “Биография Уильяма Шекспира”

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Биография Уильяма Шекспира

William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor. He was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a successful artisan. William was the third child in the family. His parents had eight children in total. William Shakespeare went to Stratford grammar school.

In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who was the daughter of the local landowner. At that time Shakespeare was 18 years old and Anne was 8 years older than him. In 1583 Anne gave birth to their daughter Susanna. In 1585 the couple had twins – son Hamnet and daughter Judith. Unfortunately, Hamnet, the only son of William Shakespeare, died at the age of 11.

Later Shakespeare moved to London. He lived and worked in this city for many years. During that time Shakespeare wrote most of his plays and became a successful playwright. His troupe was among the leading playing companies in London.

In 1599 a theatre was built on the south bank of the River Thames. It was named the Globe. This was the theatre where Shakespeare’s company performed. Work at the theatre made Shakespeare a wealthy person. He was not only a playwright, he also took part in theatrical performances.

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Several years before his death Shakespeare moved to Stratford. He died on 23 April 1616. Some research shows that at the end of his life he was in poor health.

Among his works there are such masterpieces of the world literature as “Romeo and Juliet”, “A midsummer night’s dream”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, “Hamlet” and many others. Apart from that Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets.

William Shakespeare’s influence extends from theatre and literature to present-day movies, Western philosophy, and the English language itself.

Уильям Шекспир был английским поэтом, драматургом и актером. Он родился в 1564 году в городе Стратфорд-апон-Эйвон. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был успешным ремесленником. Уильям был третьим ребенком в семье. Всего у его родителей было восемь детей. Уильям Шекспир посещал стратфордскую грамматическую школу.

В 1582 году Шекспир женился на Энн Хатауэй, дочери местного землевладельца. На тот момент Шекспиру было 18 лет, а Энн была на 8 лет старше его. В 1583 году Энн родила дочь Сьюзен. В 1585 году у пары родилась двойня – сын Хэмнет и дочь Джудит. К сожалению, Хэмнет, единственный сын Уильяма Шекспира, умер в 11 лет.

Жизнь в Лондоне

Позже Шекспир переехал в Лондон. Он много лет жил и работал в этом городе. В то время Шекспир написал большинство своих произведений и стал успешным драматургом. Его труппа была одной из лучших в Лондоне.

В 1599 году на южном берегу Темзы был построен театр. Его назвали “Глобус”. В этом театре выступала труппа Шекспира. Работа в театре сделала Шекспира состоятельным человеком. Он был не только драматургом, он также принимал участие в театральных представлениях.

За несколько лет до своей смерти Шекспир переехал в Стратфорд. Он умер 23 апреля 1616 года. Некоторые исследования свидетельствуют о том, что в конце жизни Шекспир болел.

Среди его работ – такие шедевры мировой литературы, как “Ромео и Джульетта”, “Сон в летнюю ночь”, “Отелло”, “Король Лир”, “Гамлет” и многие другие. Кроме того, Шекспир написал 154 сонета.

Влияние работ Уильяма Шекспира огромно: от театра и литературы до современного кинематографа, западной философии и английского языка в целом.

William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир (1), устная тема по английскому языку с переводом. Топик.

William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in the town of Strat-ford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker and wool-dealer.

William went to the local free grammar school where he studied Latin. At the age of 18 Shakespeare married a local girl, Anne Hathaway.

We don’t know exactly when Shakespeare went to London, maybe in 1584-1589. Probably his first play was “Titus Andronicus”( 1589/1590).

Shakespeare wrote history plays such as “Henry IV” and “Richard III”, comedies such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “A Comedy of Errors”. Shakespeare’s early tragedy is “Romeo and Juliet”.

Between 1600 and 1608 Shakespeare wrote his four great tragedies, “Hamlet” “Othello” “Macbeth” and “King Lear”. It is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
“Hamlet” is probably the most popular, the best-known of all Shakespeare’s plays. It is a very philosophical play. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a highly intelligent person.

Hamlet’s soliloquy is very famous: “To be, or not to be; that is the question. “

Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603 and was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Stuart. James, who became James I of England and Scotland, was a lover of the theatre.

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Shakespeare wrote a tragedy “Macbeth” in which action passes in Scotland. In 1606 Shakespeare was a very mature and successful playwright. He had become a wealthy man.

In “King Lear” we see evil defeated. “King Lear” is the greatest of all Shakespeare’s tragedies.

The story of an old king of England and his three daughters was not invented by Shakespeare. Shakespeare hardly ever invented the plot of his plays.

Between 1608 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote five plays: “Pericles” “Cymbeline” “The Winter’s Tale” “The Tempest” and “Henry VIII” In “The Tempest” Shakespeare says farewell to the theatre, to his friends.

On June 29, 1613, the Globe theatre was destroyed in a fire. For Shakespeare and his colleagues it must have been a terrible time. The Globe was the greatest theatre in England.

Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616.

He wrote 38 plays and many poems.

Перевод текста: William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир (1)

Вильям Шекспир родился 23 апреля в 1564 г. в Страдфорде-на-Эйвоне. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, изготавливал перчатки и изделия из шерсти.

Вильям посещал местную бесплатную среднюю школу, где изучал латынь. В 18 лет Шекспир женился на местной девушке, Анне Гэтэвей.

Точно не известно, когда Шекспир приехал в Лондон, но скорее всего, это произошло в 1584-1589 годы. Считается, что первая пьеса Шекспира это «Тит Андроник» (1589/1590).

Шекспир писал исторические пьесы («Генрих IV» и «Ричард III»), комедии («Сон в летнюю ночь» и «Комедия ошибок»); «Ромео и Джульетта» — ранняя трагедия Шекспира.

В период между 1600 и 1608 годами Шекспир написал четыре большие трагедии: «Гамлет», «Отелло», «Макбет» и «Король Лир». Это — вершина творчества Шекспира.

«Гамлет» — самая популярная и наиболее известная пьеса Шекспира. Это глубоко психологическая пьеса. Гамлет, Принц Датский, — высоко интеллектуальный персонаж.

Все знают монолог Гамлета: «Быть или не быть, — вот в чем вопрос. ».

Королева Елизавета I умерла в 1603 году, и престол занял Джеймс VI Шотландский, сын Марии Стюарт. Джеймс, который стал Джеймсом I Английским и Шотландским, был известным театралом.

Шекспир написал трагедию «Макбет», действие которой происходит в Шотландии. В 1606 году Шекспир был уже достаточно зрелым и известным драматургом. Он стал богатым.

В «Короле Лире» добро побеждает зло. «Король Лир» — самая знаменитая трагедия Шекспира.

Историю о старом короле Англии и его трех дочерях придумал не Шекспир. Шекспир вообще не придумывал сюжеты своих пьес.

В 1608-1613 годах Шекспир написал пять пьес: «Перикл», «Цим-белин», «Зимняя сказка», «Буря» и «Генрих VIII». В «Буре» Шекспир прощается с театром и со своими друзьями.

29 июня в 1613 года театр «Глобус» сгорел во время пожара. Для Шекспира и его коллег наступили тяжелые времена. «Глобус» был самым знаменитым театром в истории Англии.

Шекспир умер 23 апреля 1616 года.

Шекспир написал 38 пьес и много стихов.

Использованная литература:
1. 100 тем английского устного (Каверина В., Бойко В., Жидких Н.) 2002
2. Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗы. Устный экзамен. Топики. Тексты для чтения. Экзаменационные вопросы. (Цветкова И. В., Клепальченко И.А., Мыльцева Н.А.)
3. English, 120 Topics. Английский язык, 120 разговорных тем. (Сергеев С.П.)

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